In the modern era of smart farming, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have emerged as powerful tools that are transforming how we grow, monitor and manage crops.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the way we live and work and agriculture is no exception. IoT refers to a network of devices connected to the internet that can collect, analyze and share data.

Agriculture remains the backbone of many developing economies, and small scale farmers are at the heart of this system. Despite their critical role in feeding populations and maintaining rural livelihoods, smallholder farmers often face significant challenges